Firewall mangle PBR: steering outbound path similar to inbound
Packet-based routing (PBR) is a technique used to forward packets based on the contents of the packet itself, rather than just the destination address. It can be used to steer packets along specific paths or to apply different routing policies to different types of packets. One use case for PBR is to steer outbound packets […]
Internal BGP Tuning: Mesh Peering to Avoid Loop
In BGP (Border Gateway Protocol), mesh peering is a configuration in which all routers in an autonomous system (AS) are connected to each other via BGP peering sessions. This type of configuration can be used to improve the stability and reliability of the BGP network, as well as to reduce the risk of routing loops. […]
BGP Tuning: Peer with Loopback
BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) is a routing protocol used to exchange routing and reachability information among routers in the Internet. One technique that is often used in BGP tuning is to configure BGP peers to use loopback interfaces. A loopback interface is a virtual interface that is used to create a logical loopback connection to […]
BGP Security Tuning: Pull-up Route
Pull-up routes are a technique used in BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) to prevent routing loops. When a BGP router receives a route from one of its neighbors, it will “pull up” the route and compare it to the routes already in its routing table. If the new route is better than the existing routes, the […]
BGP Troubleshooting: Route Origin
BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) is a routing protocol used to exchange routing and reachability information among routers in the Internet. When troubleshooting BGP issues, one thing to consider is the route origin. BGP routes can be either internal or external. Internal routes are those that originate from within the autonomous system (AS), while external routes […]
Steering Traffic in OSPF: Interface Cost
Cost is the metric, OSPF uses to judge a path’s feasibility. Normally to adjust cost on a route you would adjust the cost value on an interface itself. This, however, affects all routes learned via this interface. Unlike the metric in RIP which is determined by hop count and EIGRP’s long mathematical formulated metric, OSPF […]
Tuning OSPF: Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD)
BFD (Bidirectional Forwarding Detection) is a super fast protocol that is able to detect link failures within milliseconds or even microseconds.. All (routing) protocols have some sort of mechanism to detect link failures. OSPF uses hello packets and a dead interval, EIGRP uses hello packets and a holddown timer etc How it works? we discussed […]
Tuning OSPF: Prefix Aggregate
Aggregation is a fundamental characteristic used by BGP to hide any number of prefixes from being advertised to neighbors. The key think is that have to be at least one prefix in a BGP table which is a part of aggregation scope How to do prefix aggregate? we discussed on this webinar series Webinar topic: […]
Tuning OSPF: area Hierarchy, LSA, and area Type
This OSPF LSA type represents networks from different areas. The ABRs’ responsibility is to take part in various OSPF areas and make sure that networks associated with type 1 LSAs may be accessed in non-originating OSPF areas. How to set up area Hierarchy, LSA, and area Type? we discussed on this webinar series Webinar topic: […]
Stable OSPF: Choosing Network Type
OSPF is a network protocol that requires hierarchical design. The concept of area is used in an OSPF network. From a hierarchical perspective, areas on an OSPF network are classified into backbone and non-backbone areas. How to choose network type to get stable OSPF? we discussed on this webinar series Webinar topic: Stable OSPF: Choosing […]